Insulin resistance plays a significant role in the development and progression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age and is characterized by various symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries.
Insulin resistance and PCOS are closely interconnected through a complex interplay of hormonal and metabolic factors. Here are some key mechanisms by which insulin resistance can contribute to the development of PCOS:
- Increased insulin levels: Insulin resistance leads to elevated levels of insulin in the blood (hyperinsulinemia). Excess insulin stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens, which are male hormones such as testosterone. This hormonal imbalance can disrupt the normal functioning of the ovaries and interfere with the release of eggs during the menstrual cycle.
- Increased androgen production: Insulin resistance can stimulate the ovaries to produce excessive amounts of androgens. Elevated androgen levels contribute to the characteristic symptoms of PCOS, such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, and male-pattern baldness.
- Disrupted ovarian function: Insulin resistance can interfere with the normal process of ovulation, leading to irregular or absent menstrual cycles. In some cases, the ovaries may develop small cysts, known as follicular cysts, which can contribute to the characteristic appearance of polycystic ovaries.
- Impaired glucose regulation: Insulin resistance is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, leading to higher blood sugar levels. This can further exacerbate insulin resistance and create a vicious cycle. Elevated blood sugar levels can also stimulate the release of more insulin, which contributes to increased androgen production.
It’s important to note that insulin resistance is not the sole cause of PCOS, and other factors, such as genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle factors, also contribute to its development. However, addressing insulin resistance through lifestyle modifications (such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management) and, if necessary, medications that improve insulin sensitivity, can help manage the symptoms of PCOS and improve fertility outcomes.
Keep reading to learn more about how to Manage PCOS with Functional Medicine, learn the Top 8 Herbs and Supplements for Managing PCOS, as well as the Top 7 Herbs for Managing PCOS.
Check out my Fullscript formulary for herbs and supplements.